Solved: For each of the following sets, determine whether{ 2} is an element of that set. a) {x ∈ R | x is an integer greater than 1} b) {x ∈ R | x is the square of an integer} c) {2,{2}} d) {{2},{{2}}} e) {{2},{2,{2}}} f ) {{{2}}}

If the domain is the set of words {violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange, red}, which of the following sentences is/are true? (P)∀x(if x does not contain the letter ‘e’, then x contains the letter ‘n’) (Q) ∃x(if x contains the…

1. Let x = (1,2,3,4), Y = (2,3,5) and Z =(4,5,6). verify the following: a) x U y = y U x. b) (x U y) U z = x U (y U z).

How many 10 digit binary numbers have four 1's in them?

Go¨del′s completeness theorem asserts that --- The first order proof system with Peano's axioms proves every statement true in the standard model Peano's axioms form a consistent set of formulae The first order proof system can pro…

How to go back in a table so the common difference is adding each time by 5,7,9 etc

In a game of chess, a queen can travel any number of squares in a straight line- horizontally, vertically or diagonally. Moving the queen from queen (q) to king (k) visiting each square exactly once with the minimum number of moves po…

3.The sets (A-B), \\(A\\cap B\\) and (B-A) are mutually disjoint implies… a.the difference of any two is the null set b.the intersection of any two is the null set c.the union of any two is the null set d…

7.The family of all the subsets of any set S is called a.the power set of S b.the null set of S c.the identity set of S d.the cardinality set of S 8.Let E = {2, 4, 6, ...}. What is the compliment of the set E? a.odd numbers b.prime n…

1. For integers a and b,if ab is odd, then a and b are odd. 2. If xy=(x +y)^2 / 4 ,then x=y. prove the following 2 statements, state the method used and explain all necessary steps. 3.Suppose that factorial is the Python function de…

Prove or disprove: If A, B, and C are nonempty sets, and A×B = A×C, then B = C.

If the domain of discourse is all integers, find a counterexample*, if possible, to the following universally quantified statements: a. ∀x∃y(x = 1/y) b. ∀x∃y(y2 −x < 100) c. ∀x∀y(x2= y3)

Suppose g : A → B and f : B → C are functions. a. Show that if f ◦g is onto, then f must also be onto. b. Show that if f ◦g is one-to-one, then g must also be one-to-one. c. Show that if f ◦g is a bijection, then g is onto if and only…

Write in expression in p, q, and logical connectives which gives the following truth table: p q ? p= T T T F, q= F T F F, s= F T F F

Express the negation of the following statements WITHOUT using the negation symbol: a. ∀x(−2 < x <3) b. ∀x(0 ≤ x <5) c. ∃x(−4 ≤ x ≤1) d. ∃x(−5 < x <−1) e. ∀x∃y(x2 < y)

Use the principle of induction Prove that 2 1 n 2 n 2 n n 1 > + ∀ > − ,

Show that 1n^3+2n+3n^2 is divided by 2 and 3 for all positive integers n

which of the following statement is true a. \\((p\\wedge q)\\vee (p\\vee r)=p\\vee (q\\wedge r)\\) b. \\((p\\vee q)\\wedge (p\&b…

What reads "the goods are are standard if and only if the goods are expensive"?

Let A = {2, 3, 4} and B = {6, 8, 10} and define a relation R from A to B as follows: For all (x, y)∈ A ×B, (x, y)∈ R means that is an integer. a. Is 4 R 6? Is 4 R 8? Is (3, 8) ∈R? Is (2, 10) ∈R?

At the Keep in Shape Club, 35 people swim, 24 play tennis, and 27 jog. Of these people, 12 swim and play tennis, 19 play tennis and jog, and 13 jog and swim. Nine people do all three activities. How many members are there altogether?

Construct a directed graph for the board members of the company if the President can influence the Director of research and Development, the Director of Marketing, and the Director of Operations; the Director of Research and Developme…

The famous detective TVTHREE, Kara Singh Walla was called in to solve a baffling murder mystery. He determined the following facts: A. Alan, the murdered man, was killed by a blow on the head with brass candlestick. B. Either Alan’s…

Consider the sequences (rn) and (sn) defined recursively by r0 = 1, s0 = 0, and rn+1 = rn/2, sn+1 = sn + rn+1 for n ≥ 0. (a) What are the formulas for the nth terms rn and sn of these sequences? (b) What is the floating point binary r…

a) Show that (p → q) ∧ (p → r) and p → (q ∧ r) are logically equivalent.

At the beginning of the first day (day 1) after grape harvesting is completed, a grape grower has 8000 kg of grapes in storage. At the end of day n, for n = 1, 2, . . . , the grape grower sells 250n/(n + 1) kg of their stored grapes a…

how many 4-letter words with or without meaning ,can be formed out of the letters of the word, "LOGARITHMS" ,if repetition is not allowed?

Let f : A → B and let X,Y be subsets of the domain A. For any Z ⊆ A, define the image of Z under f to be the set f[Z] = {b ∈ B|∃z ∈ Z(f(z) = b)}. a. Show that f[X ∪Y] = f[X]∪f[Y]. b. Give an example of a function f and subsets X,Y o…

Give a direct proof, as well as a proof by contradiction, of the following statement: ‘ B A ∩ B ⊆ A ∪ for any two sets A and B

5.Let f be a function of A into B. If every member of B appears as the image of at least one element of A, then we say the function f is a.surjective functions b.constant function c.injective functions d.identity functions 6.Let f be…

1.In class of 40 students, 38 offer maths, 24 offer English. Each of the students offer at least one of the two subjects. How many students offer both subjects? 2. If A={ 3 ,4 ,5 ,9 and B={1,2,6,9,7}. Find (I) A–B (ii)B n A.

Let p and q bethepropositions“Theelectionisdecided” and“Thevoteshavebeencounted,”respectively.Express each of these compound propositions as an English sentence

Calculate (by hand) the appropriate truth table to prove or disprove the following: (p → q) ∧ (¬p → r) ⇒ (q ∨ r) If it is invalid, give a counterexample; otherwise, explain why it is valid.

(a) Use rules of inference and laws of logical equivalence to prove the following: (p → q) ∧ (r → s) ∧ [t → ¬(q ∨ s)] ∧ t ⇒ (¬p ∧ ¬r) (b) Use the MATLAB program truth.m and a modified version of propos.m to verify the valid- ity of th…

Use mathematical induction to prove that 4 is a factor of 9n − 5 n for all integers n ≥ 1.

Decide whether or not the following quantified propositions are true or false, where in each case the universal set is the set of positive integers N+. Justify each of your conclusions with a proof or a counterexample. (a) ∀n(2 n ≥ n …

(a) In how many different ways can the letters of the word wombat be arranged? (b) In how many different ways can the letters of the word wombat be arranged if the letters wo must remain together (in this order)? (c) How many differen…

In an exam, a student is required to answer 10 out of 13 questions. Find the number of possible choices if the student must answer: (a) the first two questions; (b) the first or second question, but not both; (c) exactly 3 out of the …

Police report that 90% of drivers stopped on suspicion of drunk driving are given a breath test, 11% are given a blood test, and 8% are given both. (a) In this context, define two events A and B. (b) Write the given information in pro…

Use properties of Boolean algebra to simplify the following Boolean expression (show- ing all the steps): (x + y 0 )(x 0 + y 0 ) 0

(a) In how many different ways can the letters of the word wombat be arranged? (b) In how many different ways can the letters of the word wombat be arranged if the letters wo must remain together (in this order)? (c) How many differen…

In an exam, a student is required to answer 10 out of 13 questions. Find the number of possible choices if the student must answer: (a) the first two questions; (b) the first or second question, but not both; (c) exactly 3 out of the …

Use properties of Boolean algebra to simplify the following Boolean expression (show- ing all the steps): (x + y') (x + y')'

Xn i=1 i2 i = (n − 1)2n+1 + 2

Use strong induction to prove that every integer n > 5 can be written as n = 4x + 3y for non-negative x, y ∈ Z.

There are 60 science student in a secondary school 35 of whom study chemistry and 30 study technical drawing.12 out of those students study biology and chemistry but not technical drawing.10 study chemistry but neither biology nor tec…

In a class, 20 students study agric, 21 study biology and those who study chemistry are 5 more than those who study agric. it is also known that 3 students study agric only and 4 students study only chemistry. Half as many students wh…

Find the total number of ways in which 10 different cakes can be divided into two parcels each containing the same number ?

A number of students prepared for an examination in physics, chemistry and mathematics. Out of this number, 15 took physics, 20 took chemistry and 23 took mathematics. 6 took both physics and mathematics and all those who took physics…

Use natural deduction to derive the conclusion in each problem. Use conditional proof or indirect proof as needed: 1. (x)(Dx ⊃ x = a) 2. (x)[Ex ⊃(Dx • x = e)] / (∃x)(Ex ⊃ a = e)

In how many ways can the word DISCRETE be arranged?

Given the a Boolean function F(x,y,z)=(x+ y').z, write the sum-of-products expansion of F where all the variables x, y and z are used. Hint: Use some Huffington postulates, Boolean theorems and the unit property: p+p'=1

give an example of a choice function on the collection. X = {{0.1},{2,3},{4,5}}

how many choice function we could we define on the set X X= {{0,1},{2,3},{4,5}}

Use mathematical induction to prove that ∀n∈N P(n):1·2·3+2·3·4+···+n(n+1)(n+2)=n(n+1)(n+2)(n+3)/4

given 2 sets A and B, use membership table to show that (A-B)∪(B-A)=(A∪B) -(A∩B)

Develop truth tables and its corresponding Boolean equation for the following scenarios. i. ''If the driver is present AND the driver has NOT buckled up AND the ignition switch is on, then the warning light should turn ON.'' ii. If it…

1. Develop truth tables and its corresponding Boolean equation for the following scenarios. i. ''If the driver is present AND the driver has NOT buckled up AND the ignition switch is on, then the warning light should turn ON.'' ii. If…

Give partimos of R having (a) one block, (b) two blocks, (c) three blocks, (d) infinity many blocks

List all elements of the following sets as a set. All answers must be exact and not rounded 1.{q is an integer | q is a factor of 231} Describe the following sets using proper set-builder notation as explained in your book. You may n…

2. Produce truth tables for given Boolean expressions. i. A̅ B̅ C+A B̅ C̅ + ABC +A̅ B C̅ ii. (A+B̅+C)(A+B+C)(A̅+B+C̅)

Use the symbols ~, ^ and v, and write the following statements. both p or q and r

For the language L = {acnb | n > 0 }, which one of the following strings is not a part of the language ?

Part 2 1. Write the multisets of prime factors for the given numbers. I. 160 II. 120 III. 250 2. Write the multiplicities of each element of multisets in part 2(1-I, ii,iii) separately. 3. Find the cardinalities of each multiset in pa…

1. Describe the characteristics of different binary operations that are performed on the same set. 2. Justify whether the given operations on relevant sets are binary operations or not. i. Multiplication and Division on se of Natural …

Build up the operation tables for group G with orders 1, 2, 3 and 4 using the elements a, b, c, and e as the identity element in an appropriate way. 2. i. State the Lagrange’s theorem of group theory. ii. For a subgroup H of a group G…

1. Check whether the set is a group under the binary operation ‘*’defined as for any two elements . 2. i. State the relation between the order of a group and the number of binary operations that can be defined on that set. ii. How man…

1. Develop truth tables and its corresponding Boolean equation for the following scenarios. i. ''If the driver is present AND the driver has NOT buckled up AND the ignition switch is on, then the warning light should turn ON.'' ii. If…

1. Discuss two real world binary problems in two different fields using applications of Boolean Algebra

Discuss two examples on binary trees both quantitatively and qualitatively.

2. Function converts Fahrenheit temperatures into Celsius. What is the function for opposite conversion?

1. State the Dijkstra’s algorithm for a directed weighted graph with all non-negative edge weights.

1. Construct a proof for the five color theorem for every planar graph. 2. Discuss how efficiently Graph Theory can be used in a route planning project for a vacation trip from Colombo to Trincomalee by considering most of the practic…

If A= (a,b,c) then generate P(A) and 3 partition sets for A.

1. To access your Webwork account you are required to input the correct user- name and password. Suppose the you have auto ll for your username and are only required to input your password. You are granted \access" to your a…

Using the method of "searching for a falsifying truth assignment" prove the De Morgan's law

Let R be a relation on ℤ given by xRy if and only if x²-y² is divisible by 3. Show that this relation is an equivalence relation and find its corresponding equivalence classes.

‘A is sufficient for B’ is equivalent to ‘the negative of A is necessary for the negative of B’. Is it true or false? give reasons.

Using Rules of Inference, can you show step by step that this argument is valid? NOT(IF p THEN q) AND p = NOT(q)

‘A is sufficient for B’ is equivalent to ‘the negative of A is necessary for the negative of B’.

QUESTION 4 Below are a number of expressions. State which are terms, some are atomic wffs (well-formed formulae) and some are neither. a) Tet(y) b) Logician(john) c) father_of(quinn) d) 2 + y = z2 e) Angry(x; y;2:00)

QUESTION 2 Which of the following statements motivate the use of informal proof? Answer true or false to the following informal proof statements: a) Truth tables cannot demonstrate logical consequence for formulas containing more th…

QUESTION 3 Consider the arguments below and decide whether they are valid. If they are, write down an informal proof, phrased in complete, well-formed English sentences. If the argument is invalid, construct a counter example. In Qu…

QUESTION 5 In this question you have to construct formal proofs using the natural deduction rules. The Fitch system makes use of these rules. Remember that De Morgan’s laws and other tautologies are not permissible natural deduction…

4.2: For the proposition pairs below, create a truth table and compare each proposition’s truth profile: determine whether the pair is logically equivalent, contradictory, consistent or inconsistent. Example: (¬J ≡ K) with [(J → ¬K) …

Obtain the order of each element of S(℘) where S={1,2,3}

A is sufficient for B’ is equivalent to ‘the negative of A is necessary for the negative of B’. is it true or false?

State whether the following statements are true or false. Justify yourself with the help of a short proof or a counter example. (1) There are at least two ways of describing the set {7, 8....}. (2) Any function with domain R®R is a bi…

in a survey of 100 students, 56 wrote the Maths exams, 23 wrote psychology and 21 wrote the science exam. 12 wrote both maths and psychology exams, 9 write the maths and science exams and 6 wrote both psychology and science exams. 5 s…

When two sets A and B consist of the same elements, they are called_____sets a.equal b.compliment c.union d.difference

If kemi did not attend MTH 105 classes is (p), she will become angry (q). Kemi did not attend the class. Hence, she became angry. Write the statement symbolically.

If A=B, then A−B= _____________ a.B b.A\' c.A d.empty set

if kemi did not attend MTH 105 classes is (p), she will become angry (q). kemi did not attend the class, hence, she became angry. write the statement symbolically

find the sum \\ (\\bar{AB}+\\bar{BC}+\\bar{CD}+\\bar{DE}+\\bar{EF}\\)

Give four examples of implications and for each write down their contrapositive. Have two be real world examples and two be math examples.

1. Describe the characteristics of different binary operations that are performed on the same set. 2. Justify whether the given operations on relevant sets are binary operations or not. i. Multiplication and Division on se of Natural …

Explain sexagesimal system used for operations on time. Give one example each of the problems involving subtraction and addition of time showing the error children make because of the sexagesimal system. How would you help children co…

Give two examples of an implication which is true, but whose converse is not true. One example should be a real-world example, while the other should be an example from math involving the integers.

Without changing their meanings , convert each of the following sentences into a sentence of the form “If P, then Q.” An integer is even provided it is not odd A geometric series with ratio r diverges whenever |r|>=1 Every polynomi…

Let P and Q be statements, then P↔Q is logically equivalent to

For each of the following sets, determine whether{ 2} is an element of that set. a) {x ∈ R | x is an integer greater than 1} b) {x ∈ R | x is the square of an integer} c) {2,{2}} d) {{2},{{2}}} e) {{2},{2,{2}}} f ) {{{2}}}

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