Solved: If berries are ripe along the trail, hiking is safe if and only if grizzly bears have not been seen in the area.

If x=3 then x<2 is a statement or not?

Identify if the following statements are predicate logic. Give a domain of discourse for each propositional function. A. The movie won the Academy Award for the past 2 years. B. 1 + 3 = 4 C. (x+2)2 is a prime number.

Find the number of integers between 1 and 300 both inclusive that are divisible by the following types: (i). at-least one of 3, 5, 7. (ii). 3 and 5 but not 7. (iii). 5 but neither 3 nor 7

For the following relation on the set {x:x∈Ζ and 1 ≤ x ≤ 12}. List (a) the ordered pairs belonging to the relation: (b) the transitive closure R = {(x, y): xy = 9}

Suppose R(x,y) is the predicate “x understands y,” the universe of discourse for x is the set of students in Discrete Class, and the universe of discourse for y is the set of examples in these lecture notes. Translate the following …

Let f: Z®Z be such that f(x) = x +1. Is f invertible? and if it is, what is its inverse?

P(n): n! > 3n for n ≥ 7. What is the Base Step?

Translate these statements into English sentence, where C(x) is "x is a comedian" and F(x) is "x is funny" and the domain consist of all people. a) Ax(C(x) -> F(x)) b) Ex(C(x) ^ F(x)) c) Ex(C(x) -> F(x))

How many bit strings of length 14 contains the following types (I) atmost three is? (ii) an equal number of 0s and 1s (iii) an odd number of 1s

Let P (x): x2/2 =x find the following and identify their truth values 1. (P) 1 2. (P) 2 3.∀n, P(n) 4.∃n, P(n)

In a class of 35 students it is known that 24 of them do arts, 20 do chemistry and 22 do biology. All the students do at least one of the 3 subjects, 3 do all the three subjects while 7 do art and biology. 6 do art and chemistry but n…

Find the general solution of the recurrence relation: an = an-1 + 2an-2 , with a0 = 2 and a1 = 7.

1. Express the following system specifications using logical connectives: “The message is scanned for viruses whenever the message was sent from an unknown system.” “The message was sent fr…

cnf of q^(-q->(p^(-p->r)))

Write a simple formula that generates the below mentioned terms. a) 1,2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6,7,8,8,... b) 1,10,11, 100, 101, 110,111,1000,1001,1010,1011

Write a simple formula that generates the below mentioned terms. a) 1,2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6,7,8,8,... b) 1,10,11,100,101,110,111,1000,1001,1010,1011

For each of the arguments below, determine whether the argument is correct or incorrect and explain why. a) All students in this class understand logic. Xavier is a student in this class. Therefore, Xavier understands logic. b…

Find and if for every positive integer , a) Ai={0,i} b) Ai=[-i,i].

Use Karnaugh map to find a minimal sum for: E = x’yz + x’yz’t + y’zt + xyzt’ + xy’z’t

Use the Euclidean algorithm to find gcd(2074, 2457) = d.

given that: P(n): n! > 3n for n ≥ 7. What is the Base Step?

When A = 1, B = 0, C = 1. Then: F = C + C'B + BA' = 1

Read and follow instructions.

Let x be 5, x+y=10.

DLSU-CCS is in Quezon City.

Write these propositions using f and s and logical connectives. It is below freezing and snowing. It is below freezing, but not snowing. It is either below freezing, or snowing (or both). It is neither below freezing, nor snowing. Th…

State the converse, inverse, and contrapositive of each of the given statements. If it snows tonight, I will stay home. I go to the beach whenever it is a sunny summer day. A positive integer is prime only if it has no divisors other…

IV. Use Logical Equivalence Rules to simplify the following. Construct the truth tables for each of the compound propositions and its simplified expression. ¬b∧(a→b)∧a (a→b)↔(¬a∨b) ((p→q)→r)∧(¬q↔(p∧¬q)) ¬a∧(b⊕c)∧(¬b∨c)

V. Determine whether each pair of propositions are logically equivalent or not. Use Logical Equivalence Rules. ¬(p∨(¬p∧q)) and ¬p∧¬q ¬(p↔q) and p↔¬q p↔(q∧r) and (p↔q)∧(p↔r) ¬(p↔q) and p⊕q

Determine if each statement is a proposition. If so, also determine its truth value. Read and follow instructions. Ok I answered the assignment. 2+3=5 Let x be 5, x+y=10. DLSU-CCS is in Quezon City.

Formalize the following argument, then determine the result using logical Inferences Either Derek works or Avery does not work. If it is not true that both Avery works and Brandon does not work, then clearly Celina does not work. H…

Consider the argument: "Mary is a diabetic. If Mary is a diabetic, then Frank is a television watcher. If Frank is a television watcher, then Mark is not unhappy. Either James is a watermelon, or Mark is happy." Formali…

a) Show that the following logical equivalences hold for the Peirce arrow↓, where P ↓Q = ~ (P ∨ Q). P ∨ Q = (P ↓ Q) ↓ (P ↓ Q) P ∧ Q= (P ↓ P) ↓ (Q ↓ Q) b) Show that for the Shuffer stroke | P ∧ Q = (P | Q) | (P | Q) c) Use th…

Consider the argument: "Mary is a diabetic. If Mary is a diabetic, then Frank is a television watcher. If Frank is a television watcher, then Mark is not unhappy. Either James is a watermelon, or Mark is happy." Formali…

Consider Premises: If there was a cricket match, then traveling was difficult. If they arrived on time, then traveling was not difficult. They arrived on time. Conclusion: There was no cricket match. Determine whether the conclus…

an=-an-1+16an-2+4an-3-48an-4,where a°=0,a1=16,a2=-2,a3=142

On the basis of 5 years of data the following probability function for a company’s weekly demand for wool was: Amount of wool (kg) 2500 3500 4500 5500 Probability 0.35 0.45 0.20 0.05 What was the expected weekly demand for wool ba…

Consider Premises: If Claghorn has wide support, then he’ll be asked to run for the senate. If Claghorn yells “Eureka” in Iowa, he will not be asked to run for the senate. Claghorn yells “Eureka” in Iowa. Conclusion: Claghorn does not…

For any rational numbers r and s, 2r + 3s is rational.

Find all combinations of truth values for p, q and r for which the statement ¬p ↔ (q ∧ ¬(p → r)) is true

Suppose p is the statement 'There are 1,000 meters in one kilometer' and q is the statement 'You will give me a cake.' Select the correct symbolization for the statement 'There are 1,000 meters in one kilometer or you will not give me…

Let R be the relation on the set A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} defined by the rule if the integer (a – b) is divisible by 4. List the elements of R and its inverse?

Use POLYA'S FOUR-STEP PROBLEM SOLVING STRATEGY to solve the problems. Layla is going to buy 30 multi-vitamin capsules, some P10 and some P18. If she has P340, what is the maximum number of P18 multi-vitamin capsules she can buy? (HI…

~(~p^q) ^(pvq) =p

P^~q implies r

Q.1.Let A={1 2 3 4 5} .Determine the truth value of each of the following statements justify your answers: (a) (EE x in A)(x+3=10) (c) (EE x in A)(x+3<5) (b) (AA x in A)(x+3<10) (d) o+x in A|(x+3<=7)

Let A = {2,4} and B = {6,8,10} and define relations R and S from A to B as follows: For all (x, y) E A ® B, XRy iff x|y, and xSy iff y - 4 = x. State explicitly which ordered pairs are in A x B, R, S, RUS, and RNS Expert's answer

Write a simple formula that generates the below mentioned terms. a) 1,2,2,3,4,4,5,6,6,7,8,8,... b) 1,10,11, 100, 101, 110,111,1000,1001,1010,1011

(b) What is the value of x after each of these statements is encountered in a computer program, if x =3 before the statement is reached? (i) if x +2=5 then x = 3*x +5 (ii) if (x +1=4) OR (2x +2=3) then x = x +1 (iii) if (2x +3=5)…

What is the value of x after each of these statements is encountered in a computer program, if x =3 before the statement is reached?

a) Determine whether are equivalent without using truth table.

A bank pays you 4.5% interest per year. In addition, you receive |100 as bonus at the end of the year (after the interest is paid). Find a recurrence for the amount of money after n years if you invest |2000.

If R, S and T are relations over the set A, then: Prove that If R⊆S, then T∘R ⊆ T∘S and R∘T ⊆ S∘T

We want to grade students by using IF or Nested if statement. The student name and marks are given. Write an IF or Nested IF statement to arrive at their grades i the grade column. The marks and the grades are as follows: Less than 6…

Let RR be a relation from the set AA to the set BB. Taking into account that R^{-1}=\{(b,a)\ |\ (a,b)\in R\}\subset B\times AR −1 ={(b,a) ∣ (a,b)∈R}⊂B×A, we conclude that Ran (R)=\{b\ |&b…

Let R be a relation from the set A to the set B, then: Prove that Ran (R)=Dom (R-1 ).

If R, S and T are relations over the set A, then: Prove that (S∩T)∘R= (S∘R)∩(T∘R).

Construct a formal proof of validity for the following argument. [10] 1. (N v O) → P 2. (P v Q) → R 3. Q v N 4. ¬ Q ∴ R

For propositions p, q, and r, determine whether 𝑝 ⟶ (𝑞 ⟶ 𝑟) and (𝑝 ⟶ 𝑞) ⟶ 𝑟 are logically equivalent.

Construct a formal proof of validity for the following argument. [10] 1. (N v O) → P 2. (P v Q) → R 3. Q v N 4. ¬ Q ∴ R

Use a Venn Diagram and shadings to find what X will be in terms of sets A en B and set operations so that : A or B = (A/B) or (A and B) or X With X disjoint To both A/B - A and B

Draw the digraph and the matrix of the relation R= {(1, 1), (1, 3), (2, 2), (2, 3), (3, 1), (3,4), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3)} on the set A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}. Also decide whether it is reflexive, whether it is symmetric, whether it is ant…

PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC: A. Which of the following are propositions? Write P for proposition and NP for not proposition. 1. Why should we study Discrete Mathematics? 2. 10 is divisible by 3 3. 3>1 and 4 is a not an integer 4. Wear y…

B.Let p, q and r denotes the following statements: p: A square has four equal side q: Rectangle has 2 parallel sides r: A square is a rectangle. 1. Express each of the following into English sentence. (3 pts each) a. r ^ q → p…

Let P(x) be the statement x 2 > x4. If the domain consists of the integers, what are the truth values? 1. P(0) 2. P(-1) 3. P(1) 4. P(2) 5. ∃xP(x) 6. ∀xP(x) B. Write the following predicates symbolically and determine its tru…

PREDICATE LOGIC: C. Translate the following English sentence into symbol. (3 pts each) 1. No one in this class is wearing pants and a guitarist. Let: Domain of x is all persons A(x): x is wearing pants B(x): x is a guitarist C(…

III. RULE OF INFERENCE (30 pts) A. What rule of inference is used in each of the following arguments? Show solution. (5 pts each) 1. If I will read my modules, then I can answer all the activities. If I can answer all the activit…

RULE OF INFERENCE: B. Determine if the following argument is valid. Explain by using rule of inference. (5 pts each) 1. If you perform every programming problem in the module, then you will learn programming. You learned programmi…

A. Determine whether each of the following propositions is true or false. Write T if it is true and F if it false. 1. Five is a prime number. 2. City of Ilagan is the capital of Isabela. 3. The world is flat. 4. Any number raised…

B. Write each statement into its symbolic form.(3 pts each) Let x: PJ is a mathematician y: MJ is a programmer a. PJ is not a mathematician. b. PJ is a mathematician while MJ is a programmer. c. If PJ is a mathematician then MJ …

E. What rule of inference is used in each of the following arguments? Show solution. (5 pts each) 1. If it will rain today, then the classes are suspended. The classes are not suspended today. Therefore, it did not rain today. 2. …

Let's say we have 63 balls in the urn, and need to choose 6 balls. Six balls have 6! orders, thus the number of choices for choosing 6 balls out of 63 without any repetition such that the order does not count is \dfrac{63!}{57!&b…

An urn contains numbered balls. How many ways can we choose balls out of the urn (without repetition, the order does not count)6 63

PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC: Let p, q and r denotes the following statements: p: A square has four equal side q: Rectangle has 2 parallel sides r: A square is a rectangle. 1. Express each of the following into English sentence. (3 pts ea…

PREDICATE LOGIC.(25 pts) A. Let P(x) be the statement x 2 > x4. If the domain consists of the integers, what are the truth values? 1. P(0) 2. P(-1) 3. P(1) 4. P(2) 5. ∃xP(x) 6. ∀xP(x) B. Write the following predicates symbo…

Using a Truth table, determine the value of the compound proposition ((𝑝 ∨ 𝑞) ∧ (￢𝑝 ∨ 𝑟)) → (𝑞 ∨ 𝑟).

PREDICATE LOGIC.(25 pts) A. Let P(x) be the statement x 2 > x4. If the domain consists of the integers, what are the truth values? 1. P(0) 2. P(-1) 3. P(1) 4. P(2) 5. ∃xP(x) 6. ∀xP(x)

B. Write the following predicates symbolically and determine its truth value. Note: Use at least three (3) values for the variables. (5 pts each) 1. for every real number x, if x>1 then x – 1 > 1 2. for some real number x, x2 ≤ 0 …

Translate the following English sentence into symbol. (3 pts each) 1. No one in this class is wearing pants and a guitarist. Let: Domain of x is all persons A(x): x is wearing pants B(x): x is a guitarist C(x): belongs to the cl…

B.Let p, q and r denotes the following statements: p: A square has four equal side q: Rectangle has 2 parallel sides r: A square is a rectangle. 1. Express each of the following into English sentence. (3 pts each) a. r ^ q → p…

RULE OF INFERENCE A. What rule of inference is used in each of the following arguments? Show solution. 1. If I will read my modules, then I can answer all the activities. If I can answer all the activities, then I will get high sc…

RULE OF INFERENCE B. Determine if the following argument is valid. Explain by using rule of inference. 1. If you perform every programming problem in the module, then you will learn programming. You learned programming. Therefor…

Let the function g : Z → Z be defined by g(x) = 7x + 3. (i) Show that g is one-to-one. (ii) Show that g is not onto.

Write the following statements in symbolic forms. a.It is cold and it is windy b. If berries are ripe along the trail, hiking is safe if and only grizzly bears have not been seen in the area. C. It is necessary to wash the boss's c…

If the solution of the recurrence relation αun−1 +βun−2 = f(n),(n ≥ 2) is un = 1−2n+3.2 n , then determine the values of α,β and f(n). (6) b) A bank pays you 4.5% interest per year. In addition, you receive |100 as bonus at the e…

Prove that (p ∧ q) → (p ∨ q) is a tautology using the table of propositional equivalences.

Use the table of propositional logical equivalences to show that ¬(p ∨ ¬(p ∧)) is a contradiction.

Determine the truth value of each of these statements if the domain consists of all integers. NOTE: Explain how did you get the truth value on each statements in your own words. a) ᴲxP(2n=3n) b) ⱯxP(3n=<4n)

Here are some scenarios: According to market research, a business has a 75% chance of making money in the first 3 years According to lab testing, of a certain kind of experimental light bulb will work after 3 years. According to expe…

PREDICATE LOGIC: Write the following predicates symbolically and determine its truth value. Note: Use at least three (3) values for the variables. 1. for every real number x, if x>1 then x – 1 > 1 2. for some real number x, x2 ≤ 0…

Provide the answers to the following items. (5 items x 3 points) 1. Given A = (2, 4, 6, 8} and B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, determine: a. A ∪ B b. A ∩ B 2. Given A = {3, 5, 7, 9} and B = {4, 5, 6, 7}, determine: a. A - B b. B - A c. …

1. Given A = (2, 4, 6, 8} and B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, determine: a. A ∪ B b. A ∩ B 2. Given A = {3, 5, 7, 9} and B = {4, 5, 6, 7}, determine: a. A - B b. B - A c. A ∩ B

Let p denote He is rich and let q denote He is happy. Write each statement in symbolic form using p and q. Note that He is poor and He is unhappy are equivalent to ¬p and ¬q, respectively. (a) If he is rich, then he is unhappy. (c) …

Let S = ℤ+, a ~ b if a − b is divisible by 2. Is S an equivalence relation?

What rule of inference is used in each of the following arguments? Show solution. (5 pts each) 1. If I will read my modules, then I can answer all the activities. If I can answer all the activities, then I will get high scores. The…

Determine if the following argument is valid. Explain by using rule of inference. (5 pts each) 1. If you perform every programming problem in the module, then you will learn programming. You learned programming. Therefore, you per…

What is the symbolic form of the statement, “No one in this class is wearing pants and a guitarist” if the domain of x is persons in this class, A(x): x is wearing pants and B(x): x is a guitarist?

If berries are ripe along the trail, hiking is safe if and only if grizzly bears have not been seen in the area.

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