Solved: The following formulas have been abbreviated based on the common abbreviation rules. Follow the steps below and translate the formulas into good English. · Step 1: Re-add the omitted brackets. · Step 2: If necessary, convert them into some other logically equivalent formula so as to make it more readable. Write out the rule(s) you use for conversion. · Step 3: Translate the formulas into `good' English. Try to make your translation as brief/understandable as possible. (For instance, `John and Bill are coming' is better than `John is coming and Bill is coming.') p: John wants to come to the class. q: John will come to the class today. r: John audits the class. s: John is enrolled in the class. Hint: `No matter whether John is going or not, I'm going.' is the translation for (j à i) ^ (⌐j à i), in which j = John is going, i = I'm going.)

Justify if the following operations on relevant sets are binary operations or not. 1) Multiplication and Division on se of Natural numbers 2) Subtraction and Addition on Set of Natural numbers 3) Exponential operation: (x,y)→x^y on Se…

Part 1 1. Describe the characteristics of different binary operations that are performed on the same set. 2. Justify whether the given operations on relevant sets are binary operations or not. i. Multiplication and Division on se of N…

1. Discuss two real world binary problems in two different fields using applications of Boolean Algebra

1. Write the multisets of prime factors for the given numbers. I. 160 II. 120 III. 250 2. Write the multiplicities of each element of multisets in part 2(1-I, ii,iii) separately. 3. Find the cardinalities of each multiset in part 2-1.…

1. Discuss two examples on binary trees both quantitatively and qualitatively.

There are four train routes between A and B, and three train routes between B and C. Find the number of ways that a person can travel by train: i. from A to C by way of B; ii. roundtrip from A to C by way of B; iii. roundtrip from A t…

Combinations: (a) A class contains 10 students with 6 men and 4 women. Find the number of ways to: i. Select a 4-member committee from the students ii. Select a 4-member committee with 2 men and 2 women iii. Elect a president, vice pr…

Using contrapositive method, prove the following. (i) For any integer n, if n 2 − 6n + 5 is even then n is odd. (ii) For any integers a and b, if a + b is even then a and b are even. (iii) For any integer n, if n 2 is odd then n is od…

Using direct method, prove the following. (i) If n is an even integer then -n is even. (ii) If n is an even integer then 3n + 5 is odd. (iii) If n is an odd integer then n 2 + 3n is even. (iv) If m is an even integer and n is an odd i…

What is the De Morgan’s law for quantifiers? (b) Write the negation of following statements. (i) ∃x (x 2 + 2 < 1) (ii) ∀x (x - 2 ≥ 3) (iii) ∀x (x 2 ≥ 0 and x + 2 < 1) (iv) ∃x (x 2 + 2 < 0 or x - 5 ≥ 0) (v) ∀x (x - 2 ≥ 3 and x 3 + 5 ≤ …

(a) Let P(x) be the statement x 2 ≥ x. (i) What are truth values of the propositions P(1) , P(-1) , P(0) and P( 1 2 )? (ii) What is the truth value of the proposition ∀xP(x), where the domain consists of all real numbers? (iii) What i…

Let n be a natural number. Use mathematical induction to prove that 4 n−1 > n2 for all n ≥ 3.

Which of the following pairs of statements are logically equivalent? I. Statement 1: It is not true that either I watched 'Crashlanding on You' or you watched 'Money Heist'. Statement 2: I did not watch 'Crashlanding on You' and you w…

Discuss how you can efficiently use Graph Theory to construct a route planning of a project for a vacation trip from Colombo to Trincomalee by considering most of the practical situations (such as millage of the vehicle, etc.) as much…

2. Let P(x) and Q(x) be the statements x3 < 50 and x+2 < 5 respectively. Find the truth values of following quantifications, where the domain consists of all real numbers. (i) ∃x P(x) (ii) ∀x P(x) (iii) ∀x Q(x) (iv) ∃x Q(x) (v) ∀x (¬P…

2. Obtain the product of sums canonical form of the following formula i)(P^Q^R)V (¬P^Q^R)V(¬P^¬Q^¬R)

Construct a proof for the five color theorem for every planar graph.

2. Justify whether the given operations on relevant sets are binary operations or not. i. Multiplication and Division on set of Natural numbers ii. Subtraction and Addition on Set of Natural numbers iii. Exponential operation: on Set …

1. (i) Prove that if m and n are integers and mn is even, then m is even or n is even. (ii) Show that if n is an integer and n3 + 5 is odd, then n is even using (a) a proof by contraposition (b) a proof by contradiction (iii) Prove th…

2. (i) Prove that if n is a positive integer, then n is even if and only if 7n + 4 is even. (ii) Prove that if n is a positive integer, then n is odd if and only if 5n + 6 is odd. (iii) Prove that m2 = n2 if and only if m = n or m = -…

Show that these statements about the integer x are equivalent. (i) 3x + 2 is even. (ii) x + 5 is odd. (iii) x2 is even.

Let P(n) be the statement that 12 + 22 + ... + n2 = n 6(n + 1)(2n + 1) for positive integer n. (a) What is the statement P(1) ? (b) Show that P(1) is true, completing the basis step of the proof. (c) What is the inductive hypothesis? …

5. (i) Prove that 12 + 32 + 52 + ... + (2n + 1)2 = (n+1) 3 (2n + 1)(2n + 3), whenever n is a nonnegative integer. (ii) Prove that 3 + 3.5 + 3.52 + ... + 3.5n = 3(5n+1 - 1) / 4, whenever n is a nonnegative integer.

6. (i) Show that postage of 24 cents or more can be achieved by using only 5-cent and 7-cent stamps. (ii) c1 = 0 and cn = cn/2 + n2 for all n > 1. (a) Compute c2,c3,c4 and c5. (b) Prove that cn < 4n2 for all n ≥ 1.

If p→q is false can you find the truth value of ~ (p ∧ q) →q? Explain your answer

Part (a): Determine whether the statement p→(q∨r) is equivalent to (p∧∼r)→q ? Part (b): A survey team in Food Street is surveying of liking and disliking of people there. The food items to be considered in survey are of three types, …

Part (a): Let Aand B are any sets then show that A-(A∩B)=(A∩A^c)∪(A∩B^c) by using membership table. Part (b): Draw Venn diagram to describe sets A, B, and C that satisfy the given conditions. A∩B≠ϕ,B∩C≠ϕ,A∩C=ϕ,A⊈B,C⊈B. Part (c): Find…

Let A= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}then define a relation R on A as (a.b)∈R iff a≤b and Relation Ton A as (a,b)∈T iff a/b. Represent R by a matrix. Is R Reflexive? Transitive? Give a valid reason for your answer. Is T Antisymmetric? Give a valid …

Let X= {1, 2, 3, 4}Y= {a, b, c} and Z={1,2} 1. Define K: Y→X as follows: K(a) = 1, K(b) = 2, K(c) = 3, and K(c) = 4. Is K onto? If not explain. 2. Using arrow diagram, find one function from X to Y that is Onto but not One-to-One 3. D…

Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} then define a relation R on A as (a.b)∈R iff a≤b and Relation Ton A as (a,b)∈T iff a/b. Represent R by an matrix. Is R Reflexive? Transitive? Give a valid reason for your answer. Is T Antisymmetric? Give a val…

Part (a): Let A and B are any sets then show that A-(A∩B)=(A∩A^c)∪(A∩B^c) by using membership table. Part (b): Draw Venn diagram to describe sets A, B, and C that satisfy the given conditions. A∩B≠ϕ,B∩C≠ϕ,A∩C=ϕ,A⊈B,C⊈B.

Let X= {1, 2, 3, 4}Y= {a, b, c} and Z={1,2} 1. Define K: Y→X as follows: K(a) = 1, K(b) = 2, K(c) = 3, and K(c) = 4. Is K onto? If not explain. 2. Using arrow diagram, find one function from X to Y that is Onto but not One-to-One 3. D…

If p→q is false can you find the truth value of ~ (p ∧ q) →q? Explain your answer.

Let X= {1, 2, 3, 4}Y= {a, b, c} and Z={1,2} 1. Define K: Y→X as follows: K(a) = 1, K(b) = 2, K(c) = 3, and K(c) = 4. Is K onto? If not explain. 2. Using arrow diagram, find one function from X to Y that is Onto but not One-to-One 3. D…

Determine whether the statement p→(q∨r) is equivalent to (p∧∼r)→q ?

Let A = {1, 2, 3, 4}. Define a relation R on A by a R b ⇐⇒ a + b ≤ 4 for every a, b ∈ A. (a) List all the elements of R. (b) Determine whether R has the following properties. If R has a certain property, prove this is so, otherwise, p…

Let A = {1,2,3,4}. Define a relation R on A by a R b ↔ a + b ≤ 4 for every a; b ϵ A. (a) List all the elements of R. (b) Determine whether R has the following properties. If R has a certain property, prove this is so, otherwise, provi…

1. Check whether the set S=R - {-1} is a group under the binary operation ‘*’defined as for any two elements . 2. i. State the relation between the order of a group and the number of binary operations that can be defined on that set. …

List of the members of these sets. (a){x|x is a real number such that x2 = 1.} (b){x|x is a positive integer less than 12} (c){x|x is the square of an integer and x < 100} (d){x|x is an integer such that x2 = 2}

For each of these pairs of sets,determine whether the ﬁrst is a subset of the second,the second is a subset of the ﬁrst, or neither is a subset of the other. (a) the set of airline ﬂights from New York to New Delhi, the set of nonstop…

For each of the following sets, determine whether 2 is an element of that set. (a){x∈R|x is an integer greater than 1} (b){x∈R|x is the square of an integer} (c){2 ,{2}} (d){{2},{{2}}} (e){{2},{2 ,{2}}} (f){{{2}}}

(i) Determine whether each of these statements is true or false. (a) 0∈∅ (b)∅∈{0} (c){0}⊂∅ (d)∅⊂{0} (e){0}∈{0} (f){0}⊂{0} (g){∅}⊆{∅} (ii) Determine whether these statements are true or false. (a)∅∈{∅} (b)∅∈{∅,{∅}} (c){∅}∈{∅} (d){∅}∈{{…

(a) Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the relationships A ⊆ B and B ⊆ C. (b) Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the relationships A ⊂ B and B ⊂ C. (c) Use a Venn diagram to illustrate the relationships A ⊂ B and A ⊂ C. (d) Suppose that A…

What is the cardinality of each of these sets? (a)∅ (b){∅} (c){∅,{∅}} (d){∅,{∅},{∅,{∅}}}

(i) Show that if A ⊆ C and B ⊆ D, then A×B ⊆ C ×D (ii) Let A ={a , b , c ,d}and B ={y , z}. Find (a) A×B (b) B×A

(i) Let A ={a , b , c}, B ={x , y}, and C ={0 , 1}. Find (a) A×B×C (b) C ×B×A (c) C ×A×B (d) B×B×B (ii) Let A ={1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5}and B ={0 , 3 , 6}. Find (a) A∪B (b) A∩B (c) A−B (d) B−A (iii) Let A ={a , b , c , d ,e}and B ={a , b …

Determine whether the following preposition is tautology, contradiction or contingency and explain the answer by your own words. (p↔q ) ⊕ ¬(q→p)

A set S is cardinally majorizable by a set T iff there exists a(n) ______________ from T to S.

Which of the following sets have the same cardinality? Select all that apply. LaTeX: \mathbb{N} N [0,1] LaTeX: \mathbb{R} R (0,1)

1. Let A and B be two non-empty finite sets. If cardinalities of the sets A, B, and are respectively 72, 28 and 13, then find the cardinality of the set .

need help with solving assignment

9. (i) Prove the identity laws in Table 1 by showing that (a) A ∪ ∅ = A (b) A ∩ U = A (ii) Prove the domination laws in Table 1 by showing that (a) A ∪ U = U (b) A ∩ ∅ = ∅ (iii) Prove the idempotant laws in Table 1 by showing that (a)…

10. Let A , B, and C be sets. Show that(a) (A ∪ B) ⊆ (A ∪ B ∪ C) (b) (A ∩ B ∩ C) ⊆ (A ∩ B) (c) (A − B) − C ⊆ (A − C) (d) (A − C) ∩ (C − B) = ∅ (e) (B − A) ∪ (C − B) = ∅

11. Show that if A and B are sets, then (a) A − B = A ∩ B (b) (A ∩ B) ∪ (A ∩ B) = A

12. Draw the Venn diagrams for each of these combinations of the sets A , B , and C. (a) A ∩ (B ∪ C) (b) A ∩ B ∩ C (c) (A − B) ∪ (A − C) ∪ (B − C)

b) In a large city, 8% of the inhabitants have contracted a particular disease. A test for this disease is positive in 80% of people who have the disease and is negative in 80% of people who do not have the disease. What is the probab…

Robyn decides to organize a hiking trip and invites her friends - Dylan, Linda and Dominic to join her. On the days leading to the hike, her three friends say the following:Two Days Before the hike:Dylan: Dominic is going to the hike.…

3. A certain medical disease occurs in 1% of the population. A simple screening procedure is available and in 8 out of 10 cases where the patient has the disease, it produces a positive result. If the patient does not have the disease…

Find the minimum number n of integers to be selected from S = {1, 2,..., 9} so that: (a) The sum of two of the n integers is even. (b) The difference of two of the n integers is 5

In a certain group of 15 students, 5 have graphics calculators and 3 have a computer at home (one student has both). Two of the students drive themselves to college each day and neither of them has a graphics calculator nor a computer…

In a physics class 40 children had forgotten to bring their physics book,34 had forgotten to do their homework. The teacher asked to borrow the physics book from some one at once. 48 childrens left the room. Draw a Venn diagram and fi…

Q1 Draw any balance rooted tree having nodes from “ a to i”. a) Find the level of each vertex in the drawn tree. b) Find the height of this tree. c) Which vertices are descendants of node “g”.

Q2 Draw any three graphs (Take help from book, but DO NOT copy paste any graph from examples or exercise. Your graphs must be random and all must neither be euler nor all non-euler) a) Figure out Euler graph from these three graphs. b…

Q3 X people are chosen from a volley ball team (Take a value of X by yourself, possibly that number must be close to a number of volley ball team members). a) How many ways are there to choose Y people to take them to ground(Take valu…

Problem B Show that 3 · 4n + 51 is divisible by 3 and 9 for all positive integers n.

Q3 X people are chosen from a volley ball team (Take a value of X by yourself, possibly that number must be close to a number of volley ball team members).

Q2 Draw any three graphs (Take help from book, but DO NOT copy paste any graph from examples or exercise. Your graphs must be random and all must neither be euler nor all non-euler) a) Figure out Euler graph from these three graphs. b…

Q2 Draw any three graphs (Take help from book, but DO NOT copy paste any graph from examples or exercise. Your graphs must be random and all must neither be euler nor all non-euler) (2+1+2+2) a) Figure out Euler graph from these three…

Q3 X people are chosen from a volley ball team (Take a value of X by yourself, possibly that number must be close to a number of volley ball team members). (2+2+2) a) How many ways are there to choose Y people to take them to ground(T…

Q1 Draw any balance rooted tree having nodes from a to i. (2+2+2+2) Find the level of each vertex in the drawn tree. Find the height of this tree. Which vertices are descendants of node g.

(b) Let A be the set {1,2,3,4,5,6}.Which orders pairs are in the following relations on A. (i) R1 = {(a,b) : a divides b} (ii) R2 = {(a,b) : a ≤ b} (iii) R3 = {(a,b) : a 2 = b} (iv) R4 = {(a,b) : a + b ≤ 5} (v) R5 = {(a,b) : a = 2 and…

(a) Let A = {2,4,6} and B = {x,y,z}. State each of the following are relations from A into B. (i) R1 = {(2,x), (y,4), (6,z)} (ii) R2 = {(4,y), (y,4)} (iii) R3 = {(2,x), (4,y), (6,z)} (iv) R4 = {(4,y), (6,x), (4,x)} (v) R5 = {(x,2), (4…

(a) Let A = {0,1,2}. R = {(0,0), (0,1), (0,2), (1,1), (1,2), (2,2)} and S = {(0,0), (1,1), (2,2)} be two relations on A. (i) Show that R is a partial order relation. (ii) Is R a total order relation? (iii) Show that S is an equivalenc…

(b) (i) Let A = {2,4,6} and R = {(2,2), (2,4), (2,6), (4,4), (6,6)} be a relation on A. Find R−1 . (ii) Let A = {6,8,10,15} and B = {2,3,4}. Define a relation R from A to B by (x,y) ∈ R iff x-y is divisible by 2. Find R−1

3. (a) Let A = {1,2,3,4,5} and R = {(1,1), (1,3), (1,4), (2,2), (2,5), (3,1), (3,3), (3,4), (4,1), (4,3), (4,4), (5,2), (5,5)}. (i) Prove that R is an equivalence relation on A. (ii) Find the equivalence classes of 1 and 2. (b) Let A …

4. (a) Let R be the relation on Z × Z such that ((a,b), (c,d)) ∈ R ↔ a + d = b + c. Show that R is an equivalence relation. (b) If R is an equivalence relation on a finite non empty set A, then the equivalence classes of R all have t…

List the ordered pairs in the equivalence relations produced by these partitions of {a,b,c,d,e,f,g}. (a) {a,b}, {c,d}, {e,f,g} (b) {a}, {b}, {c,d}, {e,f}, {g} (c) {a,b,c,d}, {e,f,g} (d) {a,c,e,g}, {b,d}, {f}

Draw any three graphs (Take help from book, but DO NOT copy paste any graph from examples or exercise. Your graphs must be random and all must neither be euler nor all non-euler) (2+1+2+2) a) Figure out Euler gr…

Q2 Draw any three graphs (Take help from book, but DO NOT copy paste any graph from examples or exercise. Your graphs must be random and all must neither be euler nor all non-euler) (2+1+2+2) a) Figure out Euler graph from these three…

how to prove the following using defined sets A=B⇔A⊆B and B ⊆ A

Let A be the set {1,2,3,4,5,6}.Which orders pairs are in the following relations on A. (i) R1 = {(a,b) : a divides b}

Let A be the set {1,2,3,4,5,6}.Which orders pairs are in the following relations on A. (ii) R2 = {(a,b) : a ≤ b}

Let A be the set {1,2,3,4,5,6}.Which orders pairs are in the following relations on A. (iii) R3 = {(a,b) : a 2 = b}

Let A be the set {1,2,3,4,5,6}.Which orders pairs are in the following relations on A. (iv) R4 = {(a,b) : a + b ≤ 5}

Let A be the set {1,2,3,4,5,6}.Which orders pairs are in the following relations on A. (v) R5 = {(a,b) : a = 2 and a + 2b ≤ 10}

Let A = {2,4,6} and B = {x,y,z}. State each of the following are relations from A into B. (i) R1 = {(2,x), (y,4), (6,z)}

Let A = {2,4,6} and B = {x,y,z}. State each of the following are relations from A into B. (ii) R2 = {(4,y), (y,4)}

Let A = {2,4,6} and B = {x,y,z}. State each of the following are relations from A into B. (iii) R3 = {(2,x), (4,y), (6,z)}

Let A = {2,4,6} and B = {x,y,z}. State each of the following are relations from A into B. (iv) R4 = {(4,y), (6,x), (4,x)}

Let A = {2,4,6} and B = {x,y,z}. State each of the following are relations from A into B. v) R5 = {(x,2), (4,z), (2,z), (6,y)}

Draw any three graphs (Take help from book, but DO NOT copy paste any graph from examples or exercise. Your graphs must be random and all must neither be euler nor all non-euler) (2+1+2+2) a) Figure out Euler graph from these three g…

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