A random sample of 14 cigarettes of a certain brand has an average nicotine content of 3.8 milligrams and a standard deviation of 2 milligrams. What is the upper bound of the 99% confidence interval for the average nicotine content of the cigarettes.

The critical value for $\alpha = 0.01$ and $df = n-1 = 13$ degrees of freedom is $t_c = z_{1-\alpha/2; n-1} =3.012275.$

The corresponding confidence interval is computed as shown below:

$CI=(\bar{x}-t_c\times\dfrac{s}{\sqrt{n}}, \bar{x}+t_c\times\dfrac{s}{\sqrt{n}})$

$=(3.8-3.012275\times\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{14}}, 3.8+3.012275\times\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{14}})$

$=(2.190,5.410 )$

The upper bound of the 99% confidence interval for the average nicotine content of the cigarettes is 5.410 milligrams.